How do I use APA Citation Style

All examples in this guide are using APA Citation Style (7th) edition.  

If you need help with the 6th edition, please visit Purdue OWL.   If you have any further queries, please email library@smu.edu.sg.

• Conference/Paper/Poster presentation (Section 10.5)

  Format: Author, A. A. & Authorb, B. B. (YYYY, Month date-date). Title of paper [Paper presentation]. Name of Conference, Location. URL
   

  Vallentyne, P. (2003, August 28-31). Capability vs. opportunity for well-being [Paper presentation]. Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA, United States. http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p63760_index.html

  In-text: (Vallentyne, 2003).

   

  Notes:

  • Include the dates of the full conference in the date statement.
  • Include a label in square brackets that matches how the presentation was described at the conference: [Paper presentation], [Conference session], [Poster presentation], [Symposium]
  • Published conference proceedings follow the format for journal articles.

   
• Published Conference Proceedings (Section 10.1)

  Format: Author, A. A. & Authorb, B. B. (YYYY). Title of paper. Conference Publication, VX, xxx-yyy. doi 
   

  Grauwin, S., Bertin, E. Lemoy, R., & Pablo Jensen, P. (2009). Competition between collective and individual dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 106, 20622-20626. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906263106

  In-text: (Grauwin, et al., 2009).

   
• Published Dissertation/Thesis (Section 10.6)

  Format: Author, A. A. (YYYY). Title of dissertation [Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database/Archive Name.  URL
   

  Pelizzo, R. (2003). Cartel parties and cartel party systems [Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University]. Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1137&context=soss_research

  In-text: (Pelizzo, 2003).

   

  Note: For unpublished dissertations/theses (those that aren't available through a university archive, Proquest Dissertations & Theses or personal websites), please see section 10.6 of the manual for a citation example.

   

• Data Sets (Section 10.9)

  Format: Rightsholder, A. (YYYY). Title of data set [Data file]. Publisher/Source of Unpublished data. DOI or URL

   

  Pew Hispanic Center. (2004). Changing channels and crisscrossing cultures: A survey of Latinos on the news media [Data file and code book]. http://pewhispanic.org/datasets/

  In-text: (Pew Hispanic Center, 2004).

   

  Singapore Department of Statistics. (2020). Divorce rates [Table]. SingStat Table Builder. Retrieved October 15, 2021, from  https://tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/table/TS/M830202 

  In-text: (Singapore Department of Statistics, 2020).

   

  Note: 

  • The information in brackets after the title is flexible based on the information used.
  • If the Publisher of the data is also the author, omit the name of the publisher, as seen above.
  • If the data on a site show evidence of being updated, you can indicate the date retrieved.